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An increase in interest in research projects which involves the design of robotic systems that minimizes interactions between humans has been caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, as such technology can greatly benefit healthcare industries in preventing the spread of highly infectious diseases. The utilization of remote-controlled robots in many different fields, especially in the medical field is becoming more and more necessary. However, mobile robots are susceptible to both systematic and nonsystematic errors that cause deviations in its trajectory. In view thereof, the researchers explored the possibility of minimizing the trajectory errors through speed calibration. The differential drive robot was navigated to finish a five-meter linear path of forward and backward motion. The test was conducted with a default linear speed of 0.5 m/s in which a high trajectory error was observed. Upon changing the speed of the robot, the same trajectory test was conducted at four additional different speeds, namely;0.25 m/s, 0.35 m/s, 0.65m/s and 0.75 m/s. With the gathered data, the researchers conducted a linear least-squares regression model using MATLAB wherein there is only one predictor variable (speed of the robot) and one response variable (deviation). Based on the results, the researchers concluded that the speed of 0.35 m/s is the optimal speed in which the trajectory error of the robot is minimal. The researchers recommend improving the design of the caster wheels to minimize the effects of nonsystematic errors. © 2022 IEEE.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic posed numerous challenges to patient care, including extensive PPE use, patient care in isolation rooms, inadequate numbers of intensivists particularly in rural communities, use of unfamiliar ventilators that would be partially remedied by the ability to remotely control lung ventilation. The goals of the project were to study the intended use, risk management, usability, cybersecurity for remote control of ventilators and demonstrate the use of a single interface for several different ventilators. Method(s): Clinical scenarios were developed including remote control of the ventilator from an antechamber of an isolation room, nursing station within the same ICU, and remote control from across the country. A risk analysis and was performed and a risk management plan established using the AAMI Consensus Report--Emergency Use Guidance for Remote Control of Medical Devices. A cybersecurity plan is in progress. Testing was done at the MDPNP laboratory. We worked with Nihon Kohden OrangeMed NKV-550, Santa Ana, CA, and Thornhill Medical MOVES SLC, Toronto, Canada. Both companies modified their devices to allow remote control by and application operating on DocBox's Apiary platform. Apiary is a commercially available ICE solution, DocBox Inc, Waltham, MA. An expert panel was created to provide guidance on the design of a single common, simple to use graphical user interface (GUI) for both ventilators. Manufacturers' ventilation modes were mapped to ISO 19223 vocabulary, data was logged using ISO/IEEE 11073-10101 terminology using AAMI 2700-2-1, Medical Devices and Medical Systems - Essential safety and performance requirements for equipment comprising the patient-centric integrated clinical environment (ICE): Part 2-1: Requirements for forensic data logging. Result(s): We demonstrated that both ventilators can be controlled and monitored using common user interface within an institution and across the country. Pressure and flow waveforms were available for the NKV-550 ventilator, and usual ventilator measurements were displayed in near-real time. The interface allowed changing FiO2, ventilation mode, respiratory rate, tidal volume, inspiratory pressure, and alarm settings. At times, increased network latency negatively affected the transmission of waveforms. Conclusion(s): We were able to demonstrate remote control of 2 ventilators with a common user interface. Further work needs to be done on cybersecurity, effects of network perturbations, safety of ventilator remote control, usability implications of having a common UI for different devices needs to be investigated.
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In recent years, the novel corona virus pandemic is raging around the world, and the safety of home environment and public environment has become the focus of people's attention [2]. Therefore, the research on disinfection robot has become one of the important directions in the field of machinery and artificial intelligence. This paper proposes a robot with the STM32 MCU as the core of disinfection, and is equipped with a variety of sensors and a camera vision, has the original cloud service management platform, the remote deployment of navigation, based on visual SLAM to realize high precision navigation and positioning, can realize to indoor environment autonomously route planning, automatic obstacle avoidance checking, disinfection, epidemic prevention function, at the same time can pass Bit computer software realizes remote control of robot, which has great development potential. © 2022 ACM.
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The Covid-19 pandemic disturbed the smooth functioning of healthcare services throughout the world. New practices such as masking, social distancing and so on were followed to prevent the spread. Further, the severity of the problem increases for the elderly people and people having co-morbidities as proper medical care was not possible and as a result many deaths were recorded. Even for those patients who recovered from Covid could not get proper health monitoring in the Post-Covid phase as a result many deaths and severity in health conditions were reported after the Covid recovery i.e., the Post-Covid era. Technical interventions like the Internet of Things (IoT) based remote patient monitoring using Medical Internet of Things (M-IoT) wearables is one of the solutions that could help in the Post-Covid scenarios. The paper discusses a proposed framework where in a variety of IoT sensing devices along with ML algorithms are used for patient monitoring by utilizing aggregated data acquired from the registered Post-Covid patients. Thus, by using M-IoT along with Machine Learning (ML) approaches could help us in monitoring Post-Covid patients with co-morbidities for and immediate medical help. © 2023 SCPE.
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There has been an increase of interest and demand in the usage of logistic indoor service robots that are designed to minimize interactions between humans due to the occurrence of the COVID-19 outbreak. The application of the rising technology in the medical sector has great benefits in the industry, such as the prevention of the spread of highly infectious diseases using distance as a factor. Rooting from the purpose of the said robot, the main focus should be the ease of navigation through achieving the desired trajectory, in order to maximize the functionality, prevent collision, reduce user maneuvering difficulties, and such. Hence, this paper is focused on improving the trajectory errors on the robot navigation performance based on different control system designs specifically, a physical joystick controller and a mobile-based Bluetooth application controller. The design of the joystick is based on a pivot as its base which is directed to all angles and the design of the Bluetooth app is based on fourdirectional buttons that will operate upon clicking, and switching to other buttons to change commands. With this, the researchers conducted linear path and rotational tests using both remote control modes that are based on five varying speed values of 0.75 m/s, 0.5m/s, 0.35m/s, 0.25m/s, and 0.15 m/s. Based on the data analysis, the yielded results showed that using the Bluetooth app lowers the robot's trajectory error by 50% to 60% compared to using ajoystick to navigate to the desired point. Thus, the researchers concluded that the design of a control system greatly affects the robot navigation in achieving the desired trajectory. Considering the nonsystematic errors, a calibration based on the hardware structure design specifically on the caster wheel is recommended. © 2023 IEEE.
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To assess the effectiveness of remote clinical quality management of endovascular Aim care. The system of clinical quality management of medical care in myocardial infarction (MI) including the quality of remote control of endovascular care was developed and introduced into the health care system of the Moscow Region as a part of the comprehensive study in 2008-2020. The number of people under the study was 8375. The ground for assessing the effectiveness of remote clinical management in 2019-2020 was the health care system of megapolis. Based on the analysis of 2966 endovascular procedures protocols, the treatment tactics effectiveness of intraoperative decisions was studied after an emergency coronary angiography (ECA) had been performed by interventional cardiologists. The Methods system of remote clinical quality management of endovascular care included a complex of audiovisual communications, computer system processes, mentoring and the algorithm for making an intraoperative decision. The effectiveness of remote clinical quality management of endovascular care was investigated on the number of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in MI, mortality of patients with MI in the Regional vascular center in 2019-2020. The T-criteria was used to assess the reliability. The material statistical processing was carried out in the Statistica 6.0 package calculating adequate statistical indicators and their reliability at p<=0.005. Ratio PCI/ECA in 2019, January-March 2020 counted up to 48.95%. In April-December 2020 it increased up to 71.6% (p<0.001). The frequency of performing Results PCI increased by 1.46 times (p<0.001). Hospital mortality from MI decreased during the following period 2019, April-December 2020 from 9.7% to 8.2% (p = 0.005). Remote clinical management based on telemedicine and mentoring process Conclusion technologies contributes to improving the quality of endovascular care in MI.Copyright © 2021 Angles. All rights reserved.
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Lockdown and quarantine measures related to the pandemic cut us off from the physical world, making us avoid points of contact, which have become points of contagion, through a sudden semantic shift. Complementary to physical communication, the experience of lockdown has exceptionally accelerated the shift to digital communication, dematerializing encounters. Anthropology, behavioral sciences, medicine, psychiatry, neuroscience - each of these disciplines has contributed to the fascinating observation of human communication over more than a century. A mass of real-time information around the SARS-CoV-2 communication has often lost individuals in infobesity, in a communitagion of a non-coherent conglomeration of information. The "human factor" has an inescapable place in the event of a crisis, because humans are the heart of crises and their management process. Remote control technologies have made it possible to relay certain social rituals through new techniques developed by their users. © ISTE Ltd 2022.
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Introduction: In Japan, the social climate surrounding older adults has gotten worse as a result of the spread of COVID-19 and the growing isolation of older adults who are increasingly unable to engage in prosocial behavior through work and volunteering. This is detrimental to the physical and mental well-being of older adults. The purpose of this study is to look into robot teleoperation for older adults as a viable way to deal with these issues and overcome the barriers preventing older adults from engaging in prosocial behavior. Materials and methods: We designed and tested a remote-control approach for dialogue agents that is appropriate for older adults as well as evaluating their impressions in a real-world setting. Twelve older adults participated in experiments in two separate locations, a children's center and the city ward office, where they could remotely teleoperate a robot and have conversations with the visitors. In the city ward office, the older adults had a conversation with the visitors and gave them information and trivia quizzes about the city. In the children's center, older adults had conversations with children regarding their age, family, their likes, and dislikes. A questionnaire and interview were set up after the experiments to understand their impressions of the system and to clarify how older adults feel about certain issues regarding remote-controlled work, starting a new job, social interaction, to what extent have older adults been affected by the pandemic, how and in what ways has it affected their involvement in society, and whether teleoperating a robot can be a suitable approach to encourage prosocial behavior from them through volunteer work and social engagement. Results: The results show that older adults have a strong desire to engage in volunteer work, but are hampered mainly by physical isolation resulting from COVID-19 restrictions and their declining physical and mental health. Their impressions of the teleoperation system were highly positive, as they enjoyed having conversations with children through the robot. With this teleoperation system, older adults were able to remote control a robot by themselves without major issues. It made interaction simpler as conversing with children through a robot added a layer of anonymity that allowed older adults to express themselves freely without worrying about how they are perceived by others in public. Discussion: Older adults were able to successfully engage in prosocial behavior through remote-controlling a robot. The system seems to be effective at easing the physical barriers preventing older adults from engaging in volunteer work, which have worsened since the spread of COVID-19. Copyright © 2023 Maalouly, Hirano, Yamazaki, Nishio and Ishiguro.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people, healthcare systems and caregivers on a global scale causing bottlenecks in hospital resources and overload of healthcare systems. The presence of disease sequelae in patients hospitalized due to CO VID-19 warrants additional care and monitoring of these patients. Remote monitoring techniques have been implemented in several domains of healthcare such as cardiology, cardiac rehabilitation and nephrology. Monitoring of vital signs using these technologies has allowed the tracking of patients with more granularity, resulting in better clinical outcomes such as reduction in hospitalizations. Therefore, we hypothesize that remote monitoring is beneficial in managing CO VID-19 patients post-hospitalization, enabling home-based patient follow-up. In this study, we investigated the use of remote monitoring on a COVID-19 patient cohort discharged from a tertiary care center. A post-hoc division of patients into two groups (alert-generating patients and non-alert generating patients) was performed. The longitudinal progression of sensor and questionnaire data was studied using linear mixed-effect models. The measured heart rate values were statistically significant in terms of the intercept (p < 0.001), indicating a difference between the two patient groups at baseline immediately post-discharge. © 2022 Creative Commons.
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The use of robotic systems for doctor-patient interaction during Covid-19 and in post-pandemic phases has been proven useful. On the other hand, in current implementations, teleoperating a robot in critical contexts such as the medical scenario may induce a high mental workload on the operator, mainly due to the need to adapt to the remote control of a complex robot, and the reduced environmental awareness. Furthermore, robotic platforms for telemedicine do not usually offer the possibility of establishing physical contact with the patient, which may indeed be useful to show how to assume a certain posture, or to guide a specific movement. The aim of this work is to overcome these limitations, by creating a framework in which the arms, the head, and the base of a humanoid robot can be easily teleoperated with a rapid learning curve and a low mental workload for the operator. The proposed approach is based on the real-time human pose estimation of the operator, which is calculated in real-time and transformed into correspondent skeleton joint angles, used as input to control the upper body joints of the Softbank Robotics robot Pepper. Experiments with users have been performed to check the effectiveness of the imitation system, by verifying the similarity between the human and robot pose and measuring its usability and perceived workload. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Nowadays, service robots are highly anticipated in an aging society with low birthrates due to a shortage of human workers. Furthermore, COVID-19 avoids daily human communication in person. To utilize service robots in such a society, several types of robots are necessary to cope with the aforementioned society's various problems. Through collaboration with various types of robots, we have proposed and demonstrated an architecture for providing a broader range of services through this study. This architecture eliminates robot interface differences and allows the connection of various robots with a common communication protocol. In the teleoperation experiment, we could connect various types of robots manufactured by different companies using a general-purpose interface unit and we could teleoperate them via the Internet. We also confirmed in the collaboration experiment that the robots can be connected regardless of their functions by managing them according to their functions. Our architecture has verified the function to make collaboration of different types of robots both in teleoperation and collaborative tasks by different robots. In the future, we will conduct experiments to evaluate the practical services that service robots can provide in actual facilities such as shopping malls. © 2023 IEEE.
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Due to the impact of Covid-19, many students all over the world have faced some educational issues. Therefore, many educational institutes focused on shifting their learning process to E-learning system. To provide a complete E-learning system, the performing of virtual and remote Laboratory experiments is needed. In this paper, a generic and flexible online authoring tool for the Laboratory Learning System (LLS) is presented. The LLS system is a platform that provides teachers and students with a flexible environment for virtual and remote controlled labs using the proposed authoring tool. The heart of the LLS system is the authoring tool which facilities the ease and flexibility of designing various laboratory experiments which includes a number of pages, and each page has a number of steps with many draggable components. Furthermore, the proposed authoring tool is the first authoring tool that provides general and reusable virtual laboratory resource (VLR) for automatically managing laboratory software and hardware resources. To support the new VRL feature of the authoring tool, the LLS supports the ability to remotely control the laboratory equipment while performing laboratory experiments and also has the capability to run any type of simulation tool for virtually simulated labs. The proposed authoring tool is designed considering all the needed components with well-defined interfaces to achieve an effective and flexible Laboratory learning system. © 2022 IEEE.
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During the ongoing Covid19 Pandemic, it is a need of the hour to have a fully sanitized public transport system, free from Covid19 virus. Public transport is one of the major segments responsible for the spreading of covid19 like pandemic infections. It is required to sanitize public transport before every new trip. During the Covid19 pandemic, human beings are forced to live with viruses, hence making disinfection a routine work and making disinfection more user-friendly and efficient is the main objective of this research work. Spraying alcohol-based solution inside public transport is not suitable due to fire safety and other reasons. Ultraviolet C (UVC) based disinfection is more suitable in such applications, as disinfection can be done anytime, anywhere without damaging the interiors of the vehicle. It can kill viruses or bacteria in less than 20 seconds and can disinfect any surfaces, seats, or any point of public contact inside any public transport by effectively killing bacteria, fungi, dust mites, viruses, etc. This research paper aims to offer the design and implementation of an Ultraviolet C irradiation-based sanitizer system for the public transport system, which can disinfect the public contact surfaces inside the public transport, to make our travel safe from Covid19 like viruses. The sanitization system is developed using a NODEMCU microcontroller, UVC led arrays, switching circuit, PIR sensor, and mobile app. Ultraviolet sensor is used to read UVC irradiation index inside the transport to measure the effectiveness of the developed system and real-time data is linked with internet cloud for remote monitoring and control. © 2022 IEEE.
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Featured ApplicationTelepresence robot is useful for remote applications, healthcare and remote sensing.Background: The development of telepresence robots is getting much attention in various areas of human–robot interaction, healthcare systems and military applications because of multiple advantages such as safety improvement, lower energy and fuel consumption, exploitation of road networks, reduced traffic congestion and greater mobility. Methods: In the critical decision-making process during the motion of a robot, intelligent motion planning takes an important and challenging role. It includes obstacle avoidance, searching for the safest path to follow, generating appropriate behavior and comfortable trajectory generation by optimization while keeping road boundaries and traffic rules as important concerns. Results: This paper presents a state machine algorithm for avoiding obstacles and speed control design to a cognitive architecture named auto-MERLIN. This research empirically tested the proposed solutions by providing implementation details and diagrams for establishing the path planning and obstacle tests. Conclusions: The results validate the usability of our approach and show auto-MERLIN as a ready robot for short- and long-term tasks, showing better results than using a default system, particularly when deployed in highly interactive scenarios. The stable speed control of the auto-MERLIN in case of detecting any obstacle was shown.
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In today's business world of great competition, all companies must strategically plan their growth, development, improvement of business processes and reduction of current costs to achieve the highest possible income and, consequently, profit. Strategic innovation is a sector that requires IT assistance in identifying new development prospects. To reduce the risk of new ventures, every company requires corporate-wide digital and analytics capabilities. Providing management with the correct data at the right time to improve decision-making processes is an approach to cut expenses because it not only saves time and money but also protects your company from the costly consequences of bad investment decisions. Initiatives for digital transformation are frequently performed to stay up with changing market needs, boost team productivity, or provide better customer experiences. The goal of digital transformation is to change the way business is done, including how to be more successful and efficient. This entails strategically planning how to leverage technology to facilitate the achievement of overall corporate goals and objectives. This paper was created with the intention of presenting digital transformation usage through the case study to improve the process of displaying prices and other informative content to end customers. Additionally, it reduces cost which means replacing the traditional display of product information on paper with digitization of prices using a screen that can be controlled locally and remotely via an internet connection. Following all the above, the initial development is ultimately acceptable according to the financial structure, and in the period of exploitation, it achieves financial profit, which is the most important feature of the project with direct economic effect.
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In response to the current problem of highly contagious new coronavirus and repeated epidemics, which cause great threat and inconvenience to people's production and life, In this paper, a multifunctional intelligent epidemic prevention robot control system based on a single chip microcomputer is designed to realize the intelligent management of community epidemic prevention and control. Stm32 microcontroller is used as the control core. In order to improve the efficiency of prevention and control management and reduce contact, the Jetson Nano controller is designed to provide map reproduction, positioning navigation, and path planning functions. It is used to summarize patient status information quickly and efficiently, the design provides face recognition and remote monitoring functions to realize real-time uploading of accurate data to cell phone console APP and computer terminal integrated monitoring platform. Through the map reconstruction and positioning simulation test, an optimal path is selected to ensure the stable movement of the epidemic prevention robot. The face_recognition algorithm's error reception rate, error rejection rate, and accuracy rate are 0.35%, 11.12%, and 88.53%, respectively, which are better than the face-net algorithm in three aspects and can well meet the needs of small communities. The face recognition needs of small community areas can be well met. This epidemic prevention and control system can realize efficient community epidemic prevention and control management, reduce contact transmission, and lower the difficulty of epidemic prevention and control. © 2022 IEEE.
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In recent years, due to the impact of COVID-19 around the world, there has been a serious shortage of medical resources. In order to supplement the manpower and fear that medical staff's contact with patients will cause a breach in the epidemic, reduce the workload of nurses, and help nurses perform repetitive tasks so that nurses can concentrate more on the patient's condition. Therefore, this paper proposes M-Robot, which is a friendly interface service robot based on the Android system and can be controlled by voice, touch, and remote control in the medical care field. The system is mainly divided into two parts. One is the web server. The web server is divided into two parts: front-end and back-end. The front-end is responsible for friendly user interface management, and the back-end is for accessing the SQLite database, as well as processing speech recognition and semantic understanding in voice services. In the other part, we use TEMI robot to develop and complete the desired service. Its service content includes environment introduction, delivery service, questionnaire survey, broadcast car, scheduling reminder, follow-up record, and patient instruction video. In the voice control mode, the user can say the wake-up word to the robot and say the required service content, and the robot will execute after receiving the message;in the remote control mode, we provide a friendly web interface for remote control. As well as the information needed to manage various services. © 2022 IEEE.
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Currently, real-time recording and bio-signal-based early diagnosis are feasible solutions thanks to increasing progress in monitoring device development technology, including self-monitoring devices, integrated electronic systems, the Internet of Things, and edge computing. The pandemic emergency of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) activated the remote monitoring era and highlighted the need for innovative digital approaches to managing cardiovascular disease. The scientific community and health organizations have considered this new era confirming that remote consultation and monitoring systems have become indispensable in cardiovascular healthcare circumstances to enhance patient healthcare and offer personalized treatment. The paper aims to introduce a real-time remote monitoring system for cardiovascular diseases and to describe the proposed system modules and the ECG signal processing algorithms. The described approach can monitor the patient's cardiac activity, allowing the specialist to control the electronic instruments remotely without leaving their office. Therefore, this system aims at all cardiopathic patients with objective motor difficulties either because they are bedridden or geographically located in places distant from the health facility of interest. Furthermore, considering the real-time monitoring approach of this system, a future application scenario in a global pandemic context can be hypothesized. © 2022 Seventh Sense Research Group®
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This control system is a modern new device which integrates sensing technology, computer technology, network communication technology and mobile communication technology. The system is mainly composed of STM32 single chip microcomputer (SCM) as the control core, sensor as the information detection element, with the corresponding executive mechanism, voice broadcast, display and mobile device. In addition to the functions of conventional push-key call and obstacle detection between elevator doors, it also has the functions of mobile phone remote monitoring, voice recognition control, telephone call alarm and so on. By detecting and recognizing the call signals from keys, mobile phones and voices, the SCM sends forward and reverse commands to the motor and PWM wave signals to the steering gear, so as to realize the opening and closing of elevator lifting and elevator doors. After the elevator reaches the target floor, there will be corresponding voice prompts. When the elevator door is opened, the infrared tube sensor is used to detect whether there are obstacles between the elevator doors. If so, the buzzer makes an alarm. If not, the elevator door closes with delay. All running states of the elevator will be displayed on the OLED screen in real time, and reported to the mobile phone for remote monitoring by users. The corresponding functions are realized after programming and physical debugging. The mobile phone remote call and voice call functions of the system have more prominent advantages during the COVID-19 or in hospitals, which can realize contactless riding, avoid contact with infected germs and greatly save waiting time. © 2022 SPIE.
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Due to the current labor shortage situation, combined with the spread of COVID-19, the researchers came up with the idea of developing a contactless remote robotic arm system based on IoT. This research focuses on developing prototypes of remote control three-axis robotic arm via the Internet that can be applied in industrial, medical, and other applications. Abiding by the new normal situation, the Kinect sensor control input, a device capable of receiving commands from human gestures without touching, is used to alleviate the spread of the virus. From the development and experiment, it can be shown that the developed artifact can receive commands from human gestures to remotely control the robotic arm via the Internet in accordance with the intended purpose. © 2021 IEEE.